(Backbone) Back Injury

Backbone damage can be internal as a result of a blunt injury and opened at fire and knife wounds. Depending on character of a trauma bruises, stretching of the copular device, crises and dislocations in various departments are possible.

Fractures of spinal column are accompanied by concussion, a bruise, compressing or a spinal cord break. At a direct injury bruises, crises of cross-section and awned shoots are possible. Press down with a ground, stones, falling from height on feet, diving on a small place lead to crisis of body’s vertebras and limbs.

Crises of vertebras are often enough observed during transport accidents, at miners and builders at traumas. They have the combined character as are combined with damages of other bones of a skeleton or internal body.

Crises of awned shoots. Arise more often in cervical department from a direct stroke behind, at overextension a backbone or excessive reduction of long muscles of a back. In a damage place mark a swelling, a pain at pressing, removability a shoot and crepitation. The diagnosis specifies with radiographic methods.

Crises of cross-section shoots. Arise at a trauma or sharp pressure of muscles in lumbar department of a backbone.

The clinical presentation is characterised by morbidity in lumbar area with irradiation pains in a stomach and the bottom finiteness’s. The diagnosis confirms with X-radiography.

Crises of bodies of backbones. Arise in cervical or bottom chest backbone part (12 chests and 1 lumbar vertebra) is more often. Depending on the injury mechanism observes 3 kinds of crises.

Wedge-shaped crisis (compressive) one or several vertebras arises at vertical squeezing of a backbone (back injury).

The shattered crisis of bodies of vertebras is possible at a trauma at the moment of sharp bending of a backbone, for example, when heaviness falling on a back to the bent person.

Fracture-dislocation occurs at the bending of a backbone accompanied by a strong push forward.

Clinical presentation. Usually suffered complain of pains in the field of the damaged vertebra, especially at active movement. At compressive crisis it is marked protrude an awned shoot over the damaged vertebra and at crisis of two and more vertebras appears kyphosis. During survey, find out pressure of the back muscles. Loading along a backbone causes morbidity in a damage place. At tapotement with a finger morbidity of an awned shoot on the damaged vertebra is marked. At squeezing of nervous backs of a pain carry irradiative or surrounding character. Head bending can be accompanied by morbidity in the field of an awned shoot of the damaged vertebra. At spinal cord damage there are paralyses and cuts, frustration urination and the defecation acts. Sensitivity is broken, develops the expressed trophic frustration, bedsores on the sacral bone, heels, back. Sometimes the spinal cord injury has reversible character and passes in 10-15 days after hypostasis or hematoma liquidation.

Crises of bodies of vertebras are quite often accompanied by hemorrhages in a retroperitoneal space and intestines cut.

Sometimes at intestines cut do laparotomy in connection with suspicion on a damage of abdominal cavity. At vertebra crisis there can come death from a traumatic shock, a hypostatic pneumonia and sepsis.

The diagnosis confirms with X-ray filming backbone in forward and lateral projections. At doubtful data, picture must be repeated in some days.